FIRST AID AND THE MANAGEMENT OF BREAST CARE

BREAST CARE DEFINITION

Breast care means care given to the breast by the mother during her prenatal period. 

BREAST DISEASES

 These are the diseases which normally attack the breast e.g Breast cancer.

  

CAUSES OF BREAST CANCER

1.     Age

2.     Obesity

3.     Certain jobs

4.     Genetics

First aid management of Breast Cancer (Prevention)

1.     Eating adequate diet

2.     Exercise

3.     Getting enough sleep

Treatment of breast cancer

1.     Chemotherapy: - Medicine are used to kill the cancer cells, these are called Cyto-toxic drugs.

2.     Radiation therapy: - controlled doses of radiation are targeted at the tumor to destroy the cancer cells. This one is usually done or used after surgery. As well as chemotherapy to kill off any cancer cell that may still be around.

3.     Surgery: - Lumpectomy surgically removing the tumor and a small margin of healthy tissues around it.

            In breast cancer, this is often called breast spurring surgery. This type of surgery may be recommended if the tumor is small and the surgeon believes it will be easy to separate from the tissue around it.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF BREAST CANCER

Everyone’s breasts are different, and your breast can change with age and at different month. It’s important to get to know how your breast normally looks and feel and it will be easier to spot if there are any unusual changes for you.

1.     Lump may not be seen, but might be felt.

2.     Skin texture e.g. dimpling or puckering.

NORMAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

1.     Change in size and shape (Swelling)

2.     Rashes

3.     Discharge from the nipples

4.     Pain in the part of the breast or the armpit.

C.P.R (cardio pulmonary resuscitation)

DEFINITION

-         Cardio pulmonary resuscitation is a medical procedure involving repeated compression of the patient’s chest performed in an attempt to restore the blood circulation and breathing of a person who has suffered cardioeorest.

-         C.P.R can also be defined as a lifesaving technique useful in many emergencies, including heart attack or near drowning, in which someone’s breathing or heart beat has stoped.

PURPOSE OF C.P.R.

The main purpose of C.P.R. is to safe lives or restore back blood circulation of a person that suffer heart attack or his/her breathing has stopped.

PRINCIPLES OF C.P.R

1.     First of all you remove the casualty from the danger in order to avoid lost of live (Death).

2.     Compression:- restore blood circulation. Put the person in his or her back on a firm surface. Kneel next to the person’s neck and shoulders. Dress the heels of one hand over the center of the person’s chest, between the nipples place your elbows straight and position your shoulders directly above your hand. Use your upper body weight (Not just your arms) as you push straight down on (compress) the chest at least 2 inches (appropriately 5cm) but not greater than 2.4 inches. Push hard at the rate 100 to 120 compression a minute.

3.     Air way: - Clear the air way if you are trained in C.P.R and have performed 30 chest compressions, open the person’s air way using the head- till and chin – lift maneuver. Put your palm on the person’s fore-head and gently lift the head back. Then with the other hand, chin forward to open the air way. Check for normal breathing, taking not more than 5 seconds. Look for chest motion, listen for normal breath sound, and listen to the person’s breath on your chest and ear. Gasping is not considered to be normal breathing if the person is no breathing normally and you are trained in C.P.R, begin mouth for mouth breathing. If you believe the person is unconscious from a heart attack and you have not been trained in emergency procedure, skip mouth to mouth breathing and continue chest compression.

4.     Breathing :- Breath for the person rescue, breathing can be mouth to mouth breathing or mouth to nose breathing if the mouth is seriously injured or can’t be opened with the air way open (using the head tilt, and chin lift maneuver). Pinch the nostril shut for mouth to mouth breathing and cover the person’s mouth with yours, making a seal. Prepare to give two (2) rescue breathe. Give the first rescue breath lasting one second and watch to see if the chest rises. If it does not rise, give the second breath. If it doesn’t rise, repeat the head tilt, chin lift, maneuver and then give the second breath.

Thirdly, chest compression followed by two rescue breath is considered one cycle. Be careful not to provide too many breaths or to breathe with too much force.